Table of Contents

Introduction

2. Evolution of Cardiac Anesthesia

2. Beating Heart Surgery Involves the Active Participation of the Anesthesiologist

Special Considerations for the Anesthetic Management
of Beating Heart Surgery

3. Definition of Beating Heart Surgery
3. Why Move from Conventional CABG to Beating Heart

3. Factors in the Growth of Beating Heart Surgery
3. Advantages to Beating Heart Surgery

4. Early Outcomes of Beating Heart CABG
4. Beating Heart Surgical Approaches

5. Anesthetic Advantages of OPCAB Over MIDCAB
5. Preoperative Considerations for Beating Heart Surgery

5. Monitoring
5. Anesthetic Technique

6. Temperature
6. Perfusion Standby

6. Ischemia Management
6. Myocardial Oxygen Consumption and Control of Heart Rate

6. Ischemic Preconditioning
7. Grafting Strategy

7. Monitoring Limitations
8. Perfusion Pressure

8. Stabilization Devices
8. Low Cardiac Output

9. Recovery Time
9. Reperfusion

9. Heparinization
9. Pain Control

9. Extubation

 

Echocardiography During OPCAB

10. TEE
10. LV Segment Anatomy

10. Views During Graft Construction
11. Occluding the Vessel

11. Reperfusion

11. Conclusion